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Balasubramanian, S.
- Analysis of Spatio-temporal Disease Pattern Using Spatial Auto Correlation Methods: Case of Acute Gastroenteritis in Coimbatore District, Tamilnadu, India
Authors
1 Dept. of Zoology, Nirmala College for Women (Autonomous), Redfields, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Department of Environmental Management, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli, Tamilnadu, IN
3 National Institute of Epidemiology, III Avenue, Ayapakkam, Ambattur, Chennai, IN
4 JSS Medical University, Srivratheeswarar Nagar, Mysore, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, Vol 5, No 3 (2014), Pagination: 296-301Abstract
Background and Objectives: In epidemiology many of the infectious disease events do not occur randomly in geographical context but occur in clusters. Geographical or spatial analysis comes into play due to the existence of spatial dependence in data. The main objective was to examine the variation in the prevalence of Acute Gastroenteritis using space time autocorrelation methods and to explore possible factors that might have influenced these variations in the study area.
Method: To identify the spatial similarity between the estimated Acute gastroenteritis values in the study region spatial autocorrelation was attempted to study the aggregated data of disease incidences. Different methods for measuring seasonal variations was adopted - Simple Averages, Ratio to Trend, Ratio to Moving Average and Link-Relative Methods. Results: The results show that a high incidence is recorded in the I and IV quarters, in all the taluks of Coimbatore district. It is observed that the incidence of Acute gastroenteritis is high in the months of January, February, March, April and November for all the taluks of Coimbatore district. The seasonal trend observations displayed a more comprehensive pattern of disease movement rather than the monthly pattern.
Interpretation and conclusion: It is evident that Acute Gastroenteritis is a seasonally dependent disease with more number of cases increasing in the winter season and less cases in the summer season. This methodology will improve the accuracy of public health forecasting and will help in developing mechanisms to combat large seasonal surges of infectious diseases.
Keywords
Link-relative, Ratio to Trend, Ratio to Moving Average, Seasonal Oscillations, Simple Averages, Spatial Autocorrelation
- Statistical Analysis of M-Mode Echocardiographic Normal Reference Values in South Indian Adults
Authors
1 Department of Water and Health, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, IN
2 Department of Community Medicine, JSS Medical College & Assistant Director Research, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, IN
3 Department of Water and Health, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, IN
4 Department of Cardiology, JSS Hospital, Mysuru, Karnataka, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, Vol 10, No 12 (2019), Pagination: 24-29Abstract
Background: Normal values for echocardiographic measurements are derived from American Society of echocardiography and European Society of Cardiology/European Association of Cardio-Vascular Imaging and their publications. Indians have smaller cardiac chamber dimensions than the Europeans. However, it has been long felt that reference range from western data cannot be fully applied in our scenario.
Aim: The objective of this study was to develop age and gender-specific normative reference range values for echocardiography measurements.
Methodology: This was a retrospective cross-sectional single-center study conduct on 111 healthy Indian adults who were selected out of the 336 patients aged from 18– 76 years, who visited the cardiac medical check-up unit in a tertiary hospital. Echocardiograms were done in participants free of cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes, high blood pressure or other clinical evident disorders. M-mode Echocardiography in the left parasternal long-axis view was used to measure aorta, left atrium, left ventricle in systole and diastole,right ventricle, interventricular septum, and posterior wall thickness. The 95% reference range of the echocardiographic parameters calculated as a mean±2 “standard deviation for overall and genders specific”.
Results: This study provides a set of data with reference ranges for normal M-mode parameters according to age and gender. Around 58 males and 53 females were classified into the age group from 18-76 years as exclusive class intervals. Age group above of 38 years Indians had higher volume in all the echocardiographic measurements are observed in this study. On examining all our healthy participants, we found that the reference range of most echocardiographic parameters is a highly statistically significant difference as compared with those used in western studies.
Conclusion: The normal reference values for echocardiographic measurements derived from this study could be used for future reference in our local population.